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In syntax, dislocation is a sentence structure in which a constituent which could otherwise be either an argument or an adjunct of the clause occurs outside the clause boundaries either to its left or to its right as in English ''They went to the store, Mary and Peter''. The dislocated element is often separated by a pause (comma in writing) from the rest of the sentence. Its place within the clause is often occupied by a pronoun (e.g. ''they''). There are two types of dislocation: right dislocation, in which the constituent is postponed (as in the above example), or a left dislocation, in which it is advanced. Right dislocation often occurs with a clarifying afterthought: ''They went to the store'' is a coherent sentence, but ''Mary and Peter'' is added afterward to clarify exactly who ''they'' are. By contrast, left dislocation is like clefting: it can be used to emphasize or define a topic. For example, the sentence ''This little girl, the dog bit her'' has the same meaning as ''The dog bit this little girl'' but it emphasizes that the little girl (and not the dog) is the topic of interest; one might expect the next sentence to be ''She needs to see a doctor'', rather than ''It needs to be leashed''. This type of dislocation is a feature of topic-prominent languages. ==Dislocation in French== Informal spoken French uses right dislocation very naturally and extensively, to detach semantic information from the grammatical information. Whereas a French news article would likely translate ''The dog bit the little girl'' as ''Le chien a mordu la petite fille'' (lit. "The dog has bitten the little girl"), in everyday speech one might hear ''Il l'a mordue, le chien, la petite fille'' (lit. "It her has bitten, the dog, the little girl"), in which both ''le chien'' ("the dog") and ''la petite fille'' ("the little girl") have been dislocated to the right and replaced by pronouns within the clause. This phenomenon was first studied in French by linguist Joseph Vendryes. It has been proposed that informal spoken French can be analyzed as having polypersonal agreement; that is, the various (mostly clitic) pronouns surrounding the verb can be viewed as inflections on the verb that agree in person, number, and sometimes gender with its various arguments. Author Raymond Queneau, whose favourite example of dislocation in French was ''Il l'a-t-il jamais attrapé, le gendarme, son voleur ?'' ("Has he ever caught him, the policeman, his thief?"), has been inspired to write many articles such as ''Connaissez-vous le Chinook ?'' ("Do you know Chinookan?"). According to Queneau, right dislocation in Chinookan is commonplace. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dislocation (syntax)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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